Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), also known as ischemic heart disease, is one of the most common and potentially life-threatening cardiovascular conditions. It occurs when the coronary arteries—responsible for supplying oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle—become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of cholesterol and other substances, collectively known as plaque. This narrowing reduces blood flow to the heart, impairing its ability to function effectively, especially during exertion or stress.
What makes CAD particularly dangerous is its often gradual progression. Many people live with the disease for years without realizing they have it, until it manifests as a heart attack or other serious complication. While aging and genetics play a role, lifestyle factors such as poor diet, smoking, lack of exercise, and chronic stress are significant contributors to the development of CAD.
The symptoms of CAD can vary widely, and in some cases, individuals may not experience any symptoms until a major cardiac event occurs. However, some common signs should not be ignored:
Chest pain (angina): A classic symptom, angina is often described as pressure, squeezing, heaviness, or pain in the chest. It may also radiate to the arms, shoulders, neck, or jaw.
Shortness of breath: Reduced blood flow can impair the heart’s ability to pump efficiently, leading to breathlessness during physical activity or even at rest.
Fatigue: Unexplained tiredness, especially during exertion, may be an early warning sign.
Heart palpitations: Irregular or rapid heartbeats can be a symptom of underlying cardiac issues.
Dizziness or fainting: These symptoms may signal a reduced blood flow to the brain due to heart inefficiency.
Nausea and sweating: Often overlooked, these symptoms, especially when paired with chest discomfort, can indicate a heart issue, particularly in women.
While some risk factors such as age, family history, and sex (men are more prone earlier in life) cannot be controlled, there are several precautions individuals can take to reduce their risk of developing CAD or manage it effectively:
Healthy Diet: Adopt a heart-healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats (like those found in nuts and olive oil). Limit intake of red meat, processed foods, sugar, and trans fats.
Exercise Regularly: Engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous activity per week. Exercise improves circulation, reduces blood pressure, and helps maintain a healthy weight.
Quit Smoking: Smoking accelerates the buildup of plaque and damages blood vessels. Quitting is one of the most important steps to prevent heart disease.
Manage Stress: Chronic stress contributes to high blood pressure and other risk factors. Mindfulness, therapy, yoga, or even regular hobbies can help mitigate stress.
Monitor and Control Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, and Diabetes: Routine checkups and adherence to medications are crucial in managing these risk factors effectively.
Limit Alcohol: Excessive drinking can raise blood pressure and lead to heart problems. Moderation is key.
You should seek immediate medical attention if you experience:
Unexplained chest pain or discomfort, especially if it spreads to the arms, neck, or back.
Sudden shortness of breath, dizziness, or fainting.
Episodes of fatigue or nausea that seem out of the ordinary.
A family history of early heart disease—especially if combined with lifestyle risk factors.
Even without symptoms, individuals over 40 or those with risk factors such as obesity, high cholesterol, or diabetes should consult a healthcare professional for regular heart health evaluations. Early detection and lifestyle modification can significantly improve outcomes and prevent life-threatening complications.
In essence, Coronary Artery Disease is a manageable but serious condition. Awareness, timely action, and a commitment to a healthy lifestyle can make all the difference in safeguarding your heart’s future.
+916123503100
Request An Appointment
