Flatfeet, also known as fallen arches or pes planus, is a common condition in which the arches of the feet are lowered or completely absent, causing the entire sole to make contact with the ground when standing. While it may not cause any problems for many individuals, others might experience discomfort, pain, or even posture-related issues.
Flatfeet can be present from birth or develop over time. In children, flatfeet are normal as the arch forms during growth, usually by age six. However, in some individuals, the arch fails to form adequately. In adults, the condition may arise due to injury, aging, obesity, diabetes, arthritis, or tendon dysfunction—particularly involving the posterior tibial tendon, which plays a key role in supporting the arch.
Genetics can also play a role, making some people more predisposed than others. Additionally, wearing poorly supportive footwear over time can contribute to the weakening of the foot structure.
Flatfeet can vary from being asymptomatic to causing chronic pain and mobility issues. Common signs and symptoms include:
Visible flattening of the foot arch, especially when standing
Foot pain, particularly in the heel or arch area
Swelling along the inner side of the ankle
Difficulty standing on tiptoes
Uneven shoe wear, indicating altered gait
Knee, hip, or lower back pain caused by misalignment
Tired or achy feet, especially after prolonged standing or walking
In children, parents may notice their child walks awkwardly, has poor posture, or complains of discomfort in the feet and legs.
If you or your child have flatfeet, there are several precautions and lifestyle changes that can help manage the condition and prevent complications:
Wear Supportive Footwear: Avoid flat-soled or flimsy shoes. Opt for shoes with good arch support and cushioning.
Use Orthotic Inserts: Custom or over-the-counter orthotic insoles can help provide additional arch support and align the feet properly.
Avoid Prolonged Standing or Walking: Especially on hard surfaces. Take breaks and elevate the feet to reduce strain.
Stretching and Strengthening Exercises: Regularly perform exercises to strengthen the foot and ankle muscles, such as heel raises, towel scrunches, and arch lifts.
Maintain Healthy Weight: Excess body weight can worsen the strain on the arches and foot tendons.
Avoid High-Impact Sports: Running on hard surfaces or jumping may aggravate the condition. Swimming and cycling are safer alternatives.
Monitor Children: If a child appears to have flatfeet past the age of 6 or experiences pain, consult a healthcare provider.
Not all cases of flatfeet require medical attention. However, you should see a doctor or podiatrist if you or your child experiences:
Persistent foot or ankle pain
Foot fatigue even after mild activity
Visible deformities in foot shape or walking pattern
Swelling or inflammation that doesn’t subside with rest
Sudden collapse of the arch, especially in one foot
Balance or coordination problems
Difficulty walking or performing everyday activities
In such cases, the doctor may perform a physical examination, request X-rays or MRI scans, and recommend appropriate treatment options ranging from physical therapy to, in rare cases, corrective surgery.
Flatfeet is a manageable condition, especially when identified early and handled with the right precautions. For many, it may never lead to significant issues. But for those who experience pain or complications, prompt medical attention and supportive care can greatly improve quality of life. Paying attention to foot health, posture, and proper footwear goes a long way in ensuring long-term mobility and comfort.
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