Intradural spinal tumours are abnormal growths that develop within the protective dural sac surrounding the spinal cord and nerves but remain inside the spinal canal. These tumours can be either intramedullary (originating within the spinal cord itself) or extramedullary (located outside the spinal cord but still within the dural sheath). Though relatively rare, intradural spinal tumours present unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to their proximity to critical neural structures.
These tumours may be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Common benign intradural spinal tumours include meningiomas, schwannomas, and ependymomas, while astrocytomas and metastatic carcinomas represent malignant types. Their growth can lead to compression of the spinal cord and nerve roots, potentially resulting in serious neurological impairments if not addressed promptly.
The clinical presentation of an intradural spinal tumour depends on its location, size, and rate of growth. Since these tumours press against sensitive neural tissues, symptoms typically develop gradually but can progress to severe disability.
Common signs and symptoms include:
Persistent Back or Neck Pain – Often localized and progressive, it may worsen at night or with certain movements.
Radicular Pain – Sharp or burning pain radiating along a nerve path, usually in the arms or legs, depending on tumour location.
Motor Weakness – Muscle weakness or paralysis, especially in the arms, legs, or both, resulting in altered gait or difficulty with daily activities.
Sensory Changes – Numbness, tingling, or a “pins-and-needles” sensation, particularly in the extremities.
Loss of Coordination – Difficulty walking or maintaining balance.
Bladder or Bowel Dysfunction – Incontinence or retention, often indicating significant spinal cord compression.
Spasticity or Reflex Changes – Muscle stiffness and exaggerated reflexes due to spinal cord involvement.
These symptoms can mimic other spinal conditions like herniated discs or degenerative diseases, making early and accurate diagnosis critical.
While many intradural tumours have no known preventable cause, especially those of genetic or idiopathic origin, certain lifestyle and health measures can support overall spinal health and early detection:
Regular Medical Check-ups – Especially for individuals with genetic predispositions (e.g., neurofibromatosis).
Healthy Lifestyle – A balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoidance of carcinogens such as tobacco may reduce the risk of some tumour types.
Monitor Neurological Health – Persistent, unexplained neurological symptoms should never be ignored.
Maintain Postural Hygiene – Proper ergonomics and spinal alignment help in reducing undue stress on the spinal column.
While these measures may not directly prevent intradural tumours, they aid in the early recognition and management of spinal conditions.
Immediate medical consultation is advised if you experience:
Persistent or worsening back or neck pain that does not respond to rest or medication.
Progressive weakness or numbness in the limbs.
Difficulty with coordination, walking, or standing.
Sudden changes in bladder or bowel control.
A known history of cancer with new neurological symptoms.
Early diagnosis can significantly influence treatment outcomes. Imaging studies such as MRI are essential tools for confirming the presence and nature of spinal tumours.
Intradural spinal tumours, though uncommon, pose significant risks due to their close relationship with the spinal cord and nerve roots. Their insidious onset often delays diagnosis until notable neurological deficits occur. Understanding the warning signs, taking precautionary health measures, and seeking timely medical advice can lead to early detection and better management. Treatment typically involves a combination of surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy, depending on the tumour type and severity. Vigilance and awareness remain key in navigating the complexities of intradural spinal tumours.
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