Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the joints. Unlike osteoarthritis, which occurs from wear and tear, RA arises when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues, particularly the synovium—the lining of the joints. This results in painful swelling that can eventually lead to joint deformity and erosion of bone. Though it can affect anyone, RA is more common in women and often appears between the ages of 30 and 60.
RA is more than just a joint disease; it is systemic in nature, meaning it can affect various organs such as the eyes, lungs, heart, and blood vessels. Its impact is not limited to physical health but extends to emotional and social well-being, making early diagnosis and effective management crucial.
The early signs of RA often mimic other conditions, which can delay diagnosis. However, there are distinct symptoms that may indicate its presence:
Joint Pain and Swelling: Typically, RA affects joints symmetrically—if one wrist is inflamed, the other likely is too. The small joints in the hands, wrists, and feet are commonly involved first.
Stiffness: Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes is a hallmark symptom. Unlike the stiffness from inactivity in osteoarthritis, this stiffness tends to be more prolonged and severe.
Fatigue: Persistent tiredness, even with adequate rest, is common and often one of the first signs people notice.
Low-Grade Fever: Occasional fevers can signal inflammation.
Loss of Appetite and Weight Loss: Chronic inflammation can reduce appetite and lead to unintended weight loss.
Nodules: Firm lumps under the skin, particularly around pressure points like the elbows, may develop.
Redness and Warmth: Inflamed joints may feel hot and appear red.
While there is no cure for RA, lifestyle changes can help manage symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. Some precautions and healthy practices include:
Regular Exercise: Low-impact activities like swimming, walking, and yoga help maintain joint flexibility and muscle strength. However, overexertion should be avoided.
Balanced Diet: A diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods—like omega-3 fatty acids (found in fish), fruits, vegetables, and whole grains—can help reduce inflammation.
Quit Smoking: Smoking is known to increase RA risk and reduce the effectiveness of treatments.
Joint Protection Techniques: Use assistive devices, wear supportive shoes, and avoid repetitive stress on joints.
Rest and Stress Management: Adequate sleep and stress-relieving activities like meditation can help the body recover and reduce flares.
Routine Monitoring: Keep track of symptoms and medication side effects. Regular lab tests help assess inflammation levels and organ function.
Early diagnosis is key to slowing the progression of RA and preventing irreversible joint damage. You should consult a doctor if:
You experience persistent joint pain or stiffness lasting more than a few weeks.
Morning stiffness doesn’t improve with movement or lasts over 30 minutes.
Swelling in multiple joints, especially with symmetrical patterns, is observed.
Fatigue, fever, or unexplained weight loss accompanies joint symptoms.
You have a family history of autoimmune conditions and begin experiencing joint discomfort.
A rheumatologist, a specialist in autoimmune diseases, can confirm the diagnosis through physical examination, blood tests (like rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP antibodies), and imaging (X-rays, ultrasound).
Rheumatoid Arthritis is a lifelong condition, but with early intervention, proper treatment, and a proactive lifestyle, many people with RA can lead fulfilling and active lives. Awareness, timely consultation, and ongoing management are the cornerstones of minimizing the impact of this often misunderstood illness.
+916123503100
Request An Appointment
